Christiane HOLCH
Centre for Modern Languages, Nanyang Technological University (NTU)
Sub-Theme
Building Learning Relationships
Keywords
Peer learning, learning teams, motivation, student empowerment, collaboration, team assessment
Category
Lightning Talks
This Lightning Talk in the sub theme of “Building Learning Relationships” examines the benefits of working in fixed small teams throughout the semester to enhance learning in the context of German foreign language acquisition in higher education. Previous research conducted in the German language department at Nanyang Technological University (NTU) highlighted that students often felt shy and uncomfortable when asking questions in larger groups of 18 to 24 students (Lorenz & König, 2023). The same research demonstrated that students had a strong preference for discussing language learning related questions in the context of their small teams of three. This previous study was conducted in reference to online discussions, nevertheless it proved useful data in understanding student behaviours and classroom dynamics in a face-to-face (F2F) setting.
Additionally, research by Opdecam et al. (2014) demonstrated that weaker students preferred team-learning, and that team-learning resulted in increased performance of the entire cohort. Consequently, a larger focus was placed on forming learning teams early and encouraging teamwork throughout the semester. As the foreign language classes are offered as Unrestricted Electives (UE), students from varied faculties register for the modules. As such, an emphasis was placed on creating multi-disciplinary teams based on the principle of maximum diversity in terms of discipline, gender, and ethnicity. In this, the ideal team-size proved to be three in the context of language learning and assessment. Assessing more than three students during an oral assessment component has proven challenging, as insufficient attention can be given by the assessor to each student in the team considering the short duration of oral assessments in lower levels of foreign language acquisition. Additionally, a team of three is small enough to enable students to get to know each other quickly, and to bond together as a team early. On the other hand, a team of four often develops different dynamics with the risk of the team splitting into two pairs.
With shyness and fear of sound stupid, being the largest hinderance to speaking the target language, the building of relationships and trust in the small teams empowers students to engage more in oral communication. Furthermore, engaging students in team-based activities helps to dedicate more time to oral communication and language production, than teacher-centric communication.
While a teacher normally corrects students’ mistakes, a peer often does not have the skills to correct language production in the same way. Therefore, the speaker must explore their existing language resources and stretch themselves to apply new structures and forms. In this, the perceived safety of the close-knit small teams encourages learners to experiment with newly learnt concepts and vocabulary more bravely and confidently, than if the production has to be uttered in front of the entire class (Adams & Oliver 2023).
The benefits of the strong peer-support developed in the small teams throughout the semester is also recognisable in the final oral assessment. Here students are tasked to script and perform a short roleplay on a given topic. This assessment does not only consolidate the learnt content, it also asks students to apply the subject matter with creativity. The trusted team thus empowers students to use the foreign language with confidence, while acting out a scene. As such the small-team setting enables the learners and facilitates learning. Moreover, these ties forged during the semester foster a sense of belonging and commonly act as a motivator for students to continue learning the language in future semesters.
References
Adams, R., & Oliver, R. (2023). Learning a Language with Peers: Elevating Classroom Voices (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi-org.remotexs.ntu.edu.sg/10.4324/9780367815790
Lorenz, P. and König, L. (2023). Engaging students through messaging applications in foreign language learning. Journal of Applied Learning and Teaching, 6(2), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2023.6.2.30
Opdecam, E., Everaert, P., Van Keer, H., & Buysschaert, F. (2014). Preferences for team learning and lecture-based learning among first-year undergraduate accounting students. Research in Higher Education, 55(4), 400–432. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24571779