Anandha Gopalan
Department of Computer Science, School of Computing (SOC), National University of Singapore (NUS)
Sub-Theme
Building Learning Relationships
Keywords
Peer-to-peer learning, classroom engagement, student engagement
Category
Lightning Talks
Student engagement has had a multitude of definitions in higher education literature and is in fact one of the current buzzwords in this area (Klemenc’ic’, 2013) (quoted in [Luescher-Mamashela et al., 2015]). For the purpose of this discussion, I have chosen to use the definition provided by one of the early works on student engagement by George Kuh (2009), where he states that “Student engagement represents the time and effort students devote to activities that are empirically linked to desired outcomes of college and what institutions do to induce students to participate in these activities” (quoted in [Luescher-Mamashela et al., 2015]). Luescher-Mamashela et al., (2015) mention that student engagement involves two agents – the student (and their supporting family, friends, and peers) and the institution (in our case, the class the student is in), both of whom are in the pursuit of the desired outcomes. The desired outcomes in this case was for students to gain a better grasp of the material, ask questions in class in a timely manner to ensure their doubts are clarified and hence be on top of their learning. This would have a direct impact on my teaching by allowing me to judge how well the class is going, understand and answer student queries and also make the students feel more comfortable in their learning journey.
I joined NUS last academic year (AY 2024/25) and co-taught CS2100 “Computer Organisation”. This is a very large class (700+ students) and is taught in a hybrid format through the use of Zoom as the online platform. The structure of the course follows a ‘blended learning’ approach with pre-recorded videos and ‘live’ recitations. I noticed in the first few recitations that I attended, as well as in the tutorials, that students were very quiet and shy. I did notice students were talking amongst themselves, but had little to no interaction with the lecturer. There were a few questions being posted on Zoom, but not many. When I asked a question to the class, there was silence with some murmurs, and then maybe one shy hand would go up. I spoke to the other lecturers of the course about it as well as some other colleagues, and their experience mirrored mine.
To address this, I realised that instead of asking students to use the Zoom question and answer (Q&A) during the recitation, I should choose a platform that students are familiar with and like using. Herein, I chose Discord, an instant messaging platform that is particularly popular with the younger demographic (https://www.demandsage.com/discord-statistics/). Discord provides users with a degree of anonymity as they can join using online pseudonyms. This would potentially allow inherently shy students to feel more comfortable, and the hope was that this would lead to better engagement. Even though Canvas provides such a discussion forum, the user experience needs improvement and students rarely choose to use it.
The result of this was that after an initial slow start, students started to interact more. For questions posed during class, students would then write their answers on Discord (which I was monitoring). This proved highly effective as the classes progressed, and the engagement increased so much that I was actually struggling to keep up. This problem was alleviated when I also convinced my co-lecturers to answer questions on Discord. Students could also ask questions after the lecture, as the questions and discussions persisted. In the overall course evaluation, students were particularly positive about this (21 comments were about engagement, and eight respondents mentioned Discord). From my perspective, I noticed that having the ability to clarify/correct misunderstandings earlier meant that students had far fewer queries later on during the term and especially during exam revision. In total, there were more than 150 messages exchanged across the four recitations that I taught.
Overall, this has provided me with a good understanding of how to provide an interactive classroom experience for a large class in a hybrid setting. Looking ahead, I will look to gain more understanding of using such platforms, as well as introducing this in a fully in-person class.
References
Klemenčič, M. (2013, December 13). Student engagement–Between policy-making and scholarship. World University News (short article) Open access: http://www.universityworldnews.com/article.php?story=20131210124920672
Kuh, G. D. (2009). The national survey of student engagement: Conceptual and empirical foundations. New Directions for Institutional Research 2009(141), 5–20. https://doi.org/10.1002/ir.283
Mugume, T., & Luescher, T. (2015). Student engagement and citizenship competences in African universities. Knowledge Production and Contradictory Functions in African Higher Education, 1, 230.