CHUA Siew Chin
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science (FoS), National University of Singapore (NUS)
Sub-Theme
Building Technological and Community Relationships
Keywords
Virtual reality, tropical deforestation, oil palm, psychological distance, indigenous communities
Category
Paper Presentation
The immersive experience of virtual reality has the potential to reduce psychological distances of environmental issues (Breves & Schramm, 2021), while systems mapping has been advocated as an important toolkit for deep understanding of complex sustainability problems (Jordan et al., 2023). This study examines the use of Virtual Reality (VR) film to better engage students on social-environmental issues revolving around deforestation in Borneo, followed by systems mapping to initiate deep discussion of potential leverage points. Supported by the National University of Singapore (NUS) LIF-T grant, the VR film “Our Stake in the Forests” was made in Sabah, Malaysia, with crafted narrative that depicts the unique forest ecosystems from mountains to the coast, the impacts of land use changes on biodiversity and also embedded interviews with indigenous people to capture the influences of these landscape changes on their livelihood. Such issues are central to biodiversity conservation and mitigating climate change, but the drivers are usually consumers that are far away and psychologically disconnected from the issues on the ground.
The film was utilised as a VR field trip for a Year 1 course. The learning outcomes of this tutorial were for students to better appreciate the unique terrestrial ecosystems, examine people-forest relationships, and critique the social-environmental influences on the forest landscapes in Sabah, Malaysia. Students read an article that provided an overview of the status of Borneo Rainforests (Butler, 2020), watched the Virtual Reality film independently, and then came to the tutorial to discuss the film content. To research the effectiveness of the VR film on reducing psychological distances to the social-environmental issue depicted in the film, one group of students was given the film to watch on YouTube, and a second group of students watched it using VR headsets. Data was collected using surveys and focus group discussions.
Prior to the tutorial, students had learnt the basics of systems mapping, and as part of the class preparation, they were to create and submit their own individual systems maps based on their understanding of the various issues they had read or viewed from the film. During the tutorial, students were instructed to discuss and build a systems map in groups of about five.
The group then has five minutes to present. They are encouraged to treat this as a storytelling process and to plan out the sequence of how their story should be told.
The systems map that was created before and during tutorials was used to assess the students’ proficiency with systems mapping, specifically with respect to their ability to draw the correct linkages, incorporation of concepts such as “delayed responses” as well as types of “reinforcing and balancing feedback loops” with an explanation of how certain problems self-perpetuate or are kept in check. Students were also prompted to consider the importance of various elements in the systems maps and their potential as leverage points. This exercise is ungraded, but the students could choose to do a graded reflection piece on the experience.
References
Breves, P., & Schramm, H. (2021). Bridging psychological distance: The impact of immersive media on distant and proximal environmental issues. Computers in Human Behavior, 115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106606
Jordan, R. C., Gray, S. A., & Sorensen, A. E. (2023). Systems thinking tools to address SDG #4. Frontiers in Sustainable Cities, 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/frsc.2023.1150683