Alastair Owen PEARL*, LIU Yiqun, and Yoanna Arlina Kurnianingsih
Office of the President, National University of Singapore (NUS)
Sub-Theme
Building Learning Relationships
Keywords
Andragogy, hybrid learning, instructional design, engagement
Category
Lightning Talks
In adult education, psychological safety plays a pivotal yet often underexamined role in shaping engagement, especially in face-to-face learning environments (Edmondson, 1999). While studies on psychological safety typically focus on undergraduate or school-age learners, limited research has been conducted on its application in andragogical settings. This presentation examines strategies that support psychological safety and dialogic learning within the Data Literacy Programme (DLP); a modular, stackable data science programme designed for executive and administrative staff with diverse academic and professional backgrounds. By intentionally bringing together participants from a wide range of roles across the Executive and Administration (E&A) staff, the DLP has successfully cultivated an inclusive environment where learners feel comfortable to participate, share perspectives, and support one another as they engage with new technical content.
DLP courses comprise face-to-face, technical workshops supported by e-learning videos, take-home assessments, and workplace project assessment. Prior interview-based research revealed that some DLP learners perceive the technical content as challenging, particularly in the context of face-to-face workshops. Particularly for learners from non-STEM backgrounds, this perception has been seen to reduce confidence and participation. To address this, we explore three strategies aimed at fostering a psychologically safe environment that encourages meaningful engagement and collaborative learning for all learners. Each of these strategies has been adopted individually and/or collectively by the authors throughout the DLP courses they teach. Where indicated, feedback has been gathered primarily through formal end-of-course surveys and supplemented by ad hoc conversations and feedback from learners.
The first strategy, Code-With-Me sessions, involves pre-workshop walkthroughs of essential coding functions that will be used during the DLP workshop. Unlike hands-on workshop sessions, which require real-time participation and may move at a fixed pace, Code-With-Me sessions enable learners to pace and revisit challenging sections as needed. This flexibility helps accommodate different learning speeds and styles. Additionally, while current e-learning videos often focus on concepts, Code-With-Me sessions provide guided, step-by-step demonstrations of coding practices directly related to the workshop content. This intentional design allows learners to preview and practice coding steps before the live workshop, building familiarity and confidence, and enabling participants to engage more actively and effectively during in-person instruction.
The second strategy, Narrative-Approach Coding, recontextualises abstract coding tasks into scenario-based problems relevant to a university setting. Each task is scaffolded into sub-steps, with clearly stated goals and intentions. The use of narratives aims to lower cognitive load and mental barriers while increasing engagement by closely reflecting real-world problem-solving (Green & Brock, 2000). Learner feedback indicates that this approach enhances clarity, reduces ambiguity, and builds confidence in technical tasks.
The third strategy addresses the common reluctance of adult learners to ask questions during large-group sessions. Instead of relying on untargeted prompts such as “Any questions?”, course facilitators implement Collective Clarifying Check-Ins; a practice where learners are informed in advance that a number of clarification questions will be solicited from learners at specific points (e.g., before breaks or at session end). This reframes question-asking as a valuable contribution to the group’s progress rather than an indication of misunderstanding. Over time, it appears that this practice cultivates a culture of curiosity, reinforcing the psychological safety of the learning space.
Collectively, these strategies reflect an intentional shift from hierarchical, didactic instruction toward a model that prioritises mutual respect, learner autonomy, and inclusive participation. While currently grounded in an adult learning context, these approaches are adaptable to undergraduate settings with minimal modification.
This work sets the scene for an in-depth investigation of these strategies through intentional implementation of deliberate design choices which may significantly improve engagement, especially among learners who may otherwise feel marginalised by technical content. As the demand for workplace data literacy increases, educators must not only provide access to learning opportunities but also ensure the learning environment empowers all participants to contribute, question, and grow.
References
Edmondson, A. (1999). Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(2), 350-383.
Green, M. C., & Brock, T. C. (2000). The role of transportation in the persuasiveness of public narratives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(5), 701.